Multiple sclerosis: symptoms, progression & everyday care

What is multiple sclerosis?

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. The immune system attacks the protective myelin layer of the nerves, which can lead to a wide range of neurological deficits. The disease progresses differently in each person – often in relapses, sometimes also progressively.

Who is affected?

Around 15,000 people in Switzerland live with MS. The disease often appears between the ages of 20 and 40. Women are affected about twice as often as men. The exact causes have not yet been fully established – a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors is suspected.

Typical symptoms

Because MS can affect different areas of the nervous system, the symptoms are very varied. Common complaints include:

• Visual disturbances
• Muscle weakness, cramps or paralysis
• Numbness or tingling
• Unsteady gait, coordination problems
• Severe tiredness (fatigue)
• Problems with concentration and memory

Types of MS

MS can occur in several forms:

– Relapsing-remitting: phases with symptoms alternate with symptom-free periods.
– Secondary progressive: after a relapsing onset, symptoms slowly worsen.
– Primary progressive: the disease worsens steadily, without recognisable relapses.

Diagnosis and treatment

Diagnosis is usually made through neurological examinations, MRI and an analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid. A cure is not currently possible – but various treatments can have a positive effect on the course of the disease:

– Cortisone therapy for acute relapses
– Immunomodulatory medication
– Physiotherapy and occupational therapy to maintain mobility
– Psychological support

Care and support in everyday life

Depending on how the disease progresses, more or less support is needed. In the early stages, targeted help in everyday life is often sufficient. As limitations increase, barrier-free living spaces, aids and nursing support become important. Family members also need support – for example through Spitex (home care) or day care services.

Everyday tips for people with MS

– Plan your energy consciously and take breaks
– Adapt your home (grab bars, non-slip mats)
– Exercise – adapted to how you feel on the day
– Make use of psychological and social counselling

FAQ – frequently asked questions about MS

• What exactly is multiple sclerosis?
  → A chronic disease of the central nervous system whose course varies from person to person.
• Which symptoms are typical?
  → Visual disturbances, coordination problems, tiredness, paralysis and much more.
• Is there a cure?
  → No, but targeted treatment can relieve symptoms and influence the course of the disease.
• Which forms of care make sense?
  → Home care (e.g. Spitex), day care, support from family members.
• How can I cope better with everyday life?
  → With structure, aids, exercise and professional support.

Conclusion: living with MS – self-determined and well supported

MS is a challenging disease, but no reason to give up. With individual treatment, openness and targeted help, an active and self-determined everyday life is possible – despite limitations.